Courtesy name Pei-fu, art name Cha-chan, a native of Jiaxing, Zhejiang. Skilled in landscape painting, he modeled after Dong Qi-chang; in his middle age and beyond, his artistic attainment became deeply refined, elegant, and otherworldly. During the Xianfeng era, he relocated to Shanghai to sell paintings, becoming a celebrated master of the late Qing Shanghai School. He served as president of the Shanghai Yuyuan Calligraphy and Painting Association and authored "Yushi Zhai Hua Shi".